GENUKI: UK and Ireland: Military Records, UK and Ireland

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General

Beckett, Ian. F. W. First World War: The Essential Guide to Sources in the National Archives, The National Archives (2002). [ISBN: 1903365414]
["No serious historian or enthusiast working on the First World War can afford to be without this major reference work. The National Archives, the archives of England, Wales and the United Kingdom - holds the most comprehensive and important collection of official documentary records relating to Britain's involvement in the war. Here, for the first time, within thematically arranged sections, this wealth of material is systematically listed and explained. . ."]

National Archives leaflets:
National Maritime Museum and the Crew List Index Project - to create a new free-to-search database resource relating to all the Royal Navy officers and ratings that served in the First World War.
The article British Military Records by Jay Hall originally appeared in the September- October 1987 issue of Everton's Genealogical Helper. Some updates have been made to the article, and additions have been made to the Source list at the end of the article.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is responsible for the care of the graves of our Army, Navy and Air Force personel who died in war. The Commission has provided on-line search facilities for their Casualty Database which lists the 1.7 million members of the Commonwealth forces who died in the two World Wars and also the 60,000 civilian casualties of WW2.
The London, Edinburgh, and Belfast Gazettes are the official newspapers of record in the United Kingdom. As well as the current editions, the website includes searchable archives of the complete gazettes from WW1 and WW2 containing medal awards, army and navy commissions, promotions and much more.
The Officers Died and Soldiers' Memorials pages (archived copy)give details of military casualties in campaigns from the 18th century to the present time.
Naval and Military Archive - numerous databases with records of "most of those from Britain who died in military service in both World Wars". A well-indexed pay-per-view site.
Records of Prisoners of War - guidance about records kept at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva.
Prisoners of the First World War - ICRC Historical Archives.
Prisoners Of War 1715-1945 - on FindMyPast (subscription).
Forces War Records: "military genealogy records from WW2, WW1, Boer War, Crimean War and beyond ... of over 2.5 million British Armed Forces personnel" - a commercial service, with some free search facilities.
War of 1812: Privateers - "research sources for the study of privateering during the War of 1812. Much of the data was gathered as part of a project for the, late, Institute of Maritime Studies, University of St. Andrews with most of the material coming from the National Archives at Kew, London."
Requests for personal data and service records: a detailed guide - How to apply for access to personal data held by the Ministry of Defence .
Get an official copy of Military Service Records.
Military Records - Ancestry's "service records, medal records, casualty lists and other Army records and Navy records" (subscription site).
Military, armed forces & conflict records - from FindMyPast (subscription site).
Military Records - Scanned images available online for a fee, and a detailed index for free, at Ancestry.
The War Memorials Register - more than one million names from 75,000 war memorials.
Fold3, (part of Ancestry),have digitised all UK First World War pension records of all servicemen who were injured and killed in the war and subsequently received a pension. In total, there are 7,522,448 records in the collection covering the Army, Royal Navy, Merchant Navy and Royal Flying Corps.

Air Force

Spencer, William. Air Force Records for Family Historians, The National Archives (2000). [ISBN: 1 873162 93 6]
["This research guide is essential reading for those tracing the career of an ancestor who served in one of Britain's air forces. It covers not only documents relating to the RAF and the WRAF but also the Royal Flying Corps, the Fleet Air Arm, the Royal Naval Air Service and also the Royal Engineers' balloonists. The book explains how to use the wealth of records held at The National Archives to trace the careers of both officers and other ranks within these services. . ."]

Royal Air Force - Our History.
National Archives leaflets:

Army

Spencer, William. Army Service Records of the First World War - Third Expanded Edition, The National Archives (2001). [ISBN: 1903365236]
["Army Service Records of the First World War (Third Expanded Edition) is the latest edition of this best-selling guide, updated to include all of the recent releases of records relating to personnel of the First World War. This title has been one of The National Archives Publications' most successful titles in recent years. This updated edition was published to coincide with the transfer to The National Archives in early 2001 of the British Army Nurses and Indian Army Records."]

Swinnerton, Ian. An Introduction to the British Army: Its History, Traditions and Records, Birmingham, Federation of Family History Societies (1998) 47 pp. [ISBN: 1860060315]
["Not understanding the basic organization, history and tradition of the modern army can be a severe handicap when using military records. An insight into its foundation, commands and ranks, uniforms, identification of regiments, records, portrays clearly how a knowledge of these will greatly assist the researcher."]

National Archives leaflets:
An article about Burnt Documents at the Public Record Office (archived copy) by Richard J. Senior. (The documents in question relate to WW1 non-commissioned servicemen).
Staff of the Commissariat Dept., from the Army List (1851), by Ted Wildy (14k).
Army Motorcyclists (1914), by Ted Wildy (54k).
Parachute Regiment War Dead, buried in France. Bern and Fay Robins who have provided pictures of many war graves of members of The Parachute Regiment in France. They have also provided details from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission about these individuals.
British Regiments In Canada gives details of the deployment of British Army units in North America prior to 1870. Family History Library film numbers of soldiers attestation and discharge papers are also provided.
The Sandhurst Collection preserves and manages the archives of the academy and its predecessors: the Royal Military College Sandhurst 1799-1939, the Royal Military Academy Woolwich 1741-1939, and of the current academy which was established in 1947.

Marines

National Archives leaflets:

Navy

Pappalardo, Bruno. PRO Pocket Guide Using Navy Records, The National Archives (2001). [ISBN: 1873162928]
["This revised edition of Using Navy Records outlines the wealth of records available on maritime careers. It explains the main types of records available, where to begin searching and how to develop your search further. There is a huge body of resources available mainly at The National Archives for searching to find an ancestor who was in the Navy. This title will help you begin your search for your relative and then you can find a record of what they looked like, kept to identify him in case of death or desertion. You can also find which ship he served on, where he went and details of his career including punishments and promotions."]

Pappalardo, Bruno. Tracing Your Naval Ancestors, The National Archives (2003). [ISBN: 1903365376]
["This is a new and comprehensive guide for family and naval historians, archivists, librarians and medal collectors. It explains the wide and diverse range of records and secondary sources which can be used to trace genealogical and career information in relation to the men and women who have served in the Royal Navy, and the naval reserve and auxiliary forces formed to assist it from 1660 to modern times. Among other topics, the contents include: service records, ships' musters and pay books, campaign and gallantry medals, casualty records, pensions, court martial, medical records and operational records. With an easy to follow and accessible format, this up-to-date guide provides illustrations of key documents, lists of useful websites, publications and addresses which will help researchers identify key and overlooked sources vital to tracing naval ancestors."]

National Archives leaflets:
O'Byrne's Naval Biographical Dictionary of 1849
Paul Benyon's Naval Index (archived copy)provides links to source masterial on naval matters.
Extensive advice on navy research, provided by Gavin Johns (archived copy)
Royal Navy Personnel Records, from the Mariners website.
Three Decks - Warships in the Age of Sail - "the premier web resource for researching naval history during the Age of Sail. Three Decks features detailed information on vessels, crew, shipyards, dockyards, naval actions, geographical locations and much, much more"
Dock Yard Volunteers, from the Army List (1851), by Ted Wildy (21k).
Names from "Napoleon's St Helena" (Gilbert Martineau, 1968), by Ted Wildy (26k).
Naval and Marine Officers listed in the Naval and Military Almanac for 1840, by Marianne Philson: Names A-H (76k); names I-Y (87k).
A guide to Marine and Naval Ratings Service Numbers.
Broadside (archived copy) - a collection of pages describing life in Royal Navy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
Age of Nelson - "databases covering the Royal Navy officers who fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 1793-1815, and the seamen and marines who fought at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805".
The Ship's Company of the Battleship HMS New Zealand in 1919 (archived copy) - from the booklet HMS New Zealand - Crossing the Line [ie the Equator] Ceremony 1919 (archived copy), made available online by Paul Benyon.
1901 Census - Royal Navy Ships (archived copy) - Jeffery Knaggs has compiled an index to Royal Navy ships that were at sea or in ports abroad on 31st March 1901.
Trafalgar Ancestors - the National Archives' searchable database of "all of those who served in the Battle of Trafalgar (on the British side!) along with their service histories and any biographical details we've found".
Mariners-L mailing list - "discussions about merchant marine and naval ships and the men who made their lives at sea from the earliest recorded times to the present day".
Wills of Royal Navy and Royal Marines personnel 1786-1882 - free (unindexed) "digital microfilms" available from TNA.

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UK and Ireland: Military Records

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General

Air Force

Army

Marines

Navy